Plant viruses ppt. txt) or view presentation slides online.

Plant viruses ppt The document discusses the role of insects as vectors in transmitting various plant viral diseases, highlighting different types of transmission and the significant impact on crop yield. A virus can be simply defined as an obligate intracellular parasite. It highlights key transmitters such as aphids and leafhoppers for insect transmission, specific mite families for virus transmission, and certain nematode genera that spread various plant viruses. Additionally, it Jan 10, 2025 · Learn virus cultivation methods, stages of replication in host cells, effects on cells, and infectivity factors. Grafting and dodder transmission are also discussed Aug 6, 2014 · Oncogenic viruses. It provides details on each method such as the viruses transmitted, vectors involved, and procedures. Control measures emphasize the Jul 9, 2014 · Stress and Plants - biotic stress - . 15. e. Dr. It covers the morphology of viruses, their mode of action, effects on host organisms, transmission methods, and their implications for health and agriculture. It defines terms like acquisition access period, acquisition feeding period, inoculation access period, inoculation feeding period, and transmission threshold that describe the process of a vector acquiring and transmitting a virus. Systemic spread within the plant occurs through the phloem. Types of Viruses. It begins with an introduction to naming conventions for viruses and general approaches to classification. g. Nehal Draz. It details specific viral diseases associated with crops, the vectors responsible for their spread, and includes data on the loss percentages caused by these diseases. It provides details for 8 key groups: Tobravirus, Tobamovirus, Potexvirus, Carlavirus, Potyvirus, Cucumovirus, Tymovirus, and Comovirus. Characteristics of transformed cells. Increase viral concentration through support Viruses and bacteria are simple yet complex infectious agents. - Download as a PPT, PDF or view online for free Plant viruses, particularly geminiviridae, are pathogenic to higher plants and can reduce crop yield and quality. Viruses are too small to see with an electron microscope and contain nucleic acids surrounded by proteins. Daunde, who is an assistant pathologist at VNMKV, Parbhani. Ultimately, the question of viral origins remains unanswered, with multiple suggested This document provides an overview of virus classification and the Baltimore classification system. Plant virus are made up of a strand of nucleic acid (DNA or The document discusses the management of viral diseases in plants, highlighting that these diseases cause significant leaf distortion, growth issues, and productivity loss, particularly in India. - Download as a PPTX, PDF or view online for free Potato viruses and vectors – - id: 1ecc2a-ZDc1ZTitle: Potato viruses and vectors 1 Potato viruses and vectors Brendan Rodoni Plant Virologist Vic DPI 2 Potato Viruses of Significance in Victoria Potato leafroll virus (aphid transmitted persistent) Potato virus Y (aphid transmitted non persistent) Potato virus S (aphid transmitted non persistent) Tomato spotted wilt virus (thrips transmitted The document discusses the complex process of DNA virus replication, highlighting that viruses do not reproduce through division but assemble from separate components within a host. 20. Insect Transmission 7. Leaves may also show abnormalities in shape through curling, twisting, or the formation of enations and blisters. It explains how these viruses can be engineered to carry foreign genes into plant cells, allowing for protein production, while also addressing limitations in their capacity and This document provides an overview of viruses, including their history of discovery, characteristics, components, shapes, classification, bacteriophages, replication cycles, enveloped viruses, and other related infectious agents like viroids and prions. Viral vectors are episomal vectors, therefore they have high copy number per cell and they are not subjected to the “position effect”. - Download as a Aug 11, 2022 · While very important for the epidemiology of most plant viruses, horizontal transmission is far from being the only way for virus dispersal. txt) or view presentation slides online. The classification focuses on whether the Jul 16, 2019 · Metagenomic studies are beginning to clarify the huge phylogenetic and functional diversity of plant viruses and their importance for ecosystem stability. It is still however able to express and produce foreign proteins. Plant viruses spread through mechanical transmission by tools or vectors like insects, and can be controlled through maintaining strict insect control and using virus-free planting stock. Examples include dsDNA viruses like adenoviruses and herpes viruses, which can cause various diseases such as respiratory illness and chickenpox. The document classifies plant viruses into 16 groups based on their structure and genome. They contain genetic material inside a protein coat and come in various shapes. WHAT IS A VIRUS? This document provides information about plant virus taxonomy and classification. Syndromes describe the sequential appearance of symptoms during disease development. The document The following points highlight the five main steps involved in purification of plant viruses. Its medium of Aug 8, 2014 · E. Some Soil Inhabiting Viruses have Nematode Vectors. Learn about viral spread mechanisms and conventional control methods. Whether you’re a healthcare professional, researcher, or educator, these templates will help you convey complex information in a clear and visually appealing way. The different genome types have different replication pathways which contain controls on linking the process with translation and movement around the ORF3 protein of Groundnut rosette virus (GRV, Tombusviridae, Umbravirus), interacts with fibrillarin to form a ringlike structure of ORF3‐fibrillarin complex seen both in vitro and in GRV infected plants which is also infectious. Structure of Viruses. Introduction Virus is a molecular parasite (???) Every virus carry proteins and nucleic acids in a protective coat. External symptoms include color deviations like mosaics and mottling on leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits. Perfect for educators and researchers alike. Plant viruses need the interior of a plant cell to replicate. Intracellular movement relies on the endoplasmic reticulum and cytoskeleton, while intercellular movement occurs through plasmodesmata connecting adjacent cells. PVBE Team. They should extend their broader host-range, spread of seed transmission and carry additional How do viruses affect organisms? Viruses can attack animals, plants, fungi, protists, and bacteria Some viruses only infect specific kinds of cells, while others affect a range of hosts Viruses cannot move by themselves Viruses and the attachment site of host cells must match exactly Viruses that infect bacteria are called bacteriophages Viruses are microscopic particles that can only reproduce inside living cells. For example, Rugose mosaic of potato is due to infection by two viruses namely potato virus X and potato virus Y. Plant viruses are classified based on their structure, physicochemical properties, viral nucleoproteins, symmetry, number and arrangement of protein subunits, and How do plant viruses initiate an infection? Plant viruses lack an active mechanism for cell entry. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) establishes and updates the official classification system for viruses. Plant viruses are submicroscopic infectious agents that infect the cells of plants and cause diseases. Most viruses infect The document discusses the use of plant viruses as vectors for gene expression in biotechnology, detailing various types of DNA and RNA plant viruses such as Cauliflower Mosaic Virus and Tobacco Mosaic Virus. It describes how viruses are classified into orders, families, genera, and species based on their structural, genetic, and biological properties. It explains different modes of infection and disease development cycles used by pathogens. Viruses hijack the machinery of host cells to replicate their genetic material and assemble new virus particles. Viruses infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria. The project aims to enhance agricultural Interactions of Animal Viruses with Their Host: Persistent Infections Viruses and Human Tumors Double-stranded DNA viruses responsible for most virus-induced tumors in humans Cancers caused by DNA viruses result from integration of viral genome onto host DNA Transformed genes are expressed Uncontrolled growth results Nov 29, 2024 · 1. -It’s not a fungi, protist, or bacteria. Grafting and dodder transmission are also discussed Nov 29, 2024 · 1. It then describes the basics of antigen-antibody reactions and the types of antigens, antibodies, and reactions. Viruses are classified into different orders and families by consideration of the type of nucleic This document discusses the classification of plant viruses. Picornavirus (RNA) Life Cycle. - Download as a PPTX, PDF or view online for free Explore plant viruses: structure, genomes, infection, RNA silencing, transmission, capsid structures, classification, and replication cycles. Mechanical transmission involves sap inoculation using leaf rubbing or pinprick methods. The document discusses plant-pathogen interactions and describes various plant pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, and parasitic plants that cause plant diseases. This document discusses plant virus transmission. Marilyn Roossinck Michael Palmer Rick Nelson Bruce Roe Kay Scheets Adam Zlotnick This document discusses the development and importance of virus-resistant plants in agriculture, highlighting various strategies such as the use of coat protein genes, satellite RNA, antisense RNA, and ribozymes for gene engineering. pptx), PDF File (. It then describes the Baltimore classification in detail, which divides viruses into 7 classes based on their genome type and replication strategy. Attach to and Enter Host Cell 2. The infected host plant by virus showed a variety of symptoms, such as yellowed foliage, stunted growth, mosaics, and dead patterns. The 30 minute semester with 3 examples from MT. The document discusses plant viruses, including their history, classification, properties, and examples of important virus genera that infect plants. The presentation covered the introduction of viruses, characteristics of plant viruses, their structure and morphology, composition, and concluded with key points. Systemic spread of plant virusesis primarily through vascular tissue, especiallyphloem Plant VirusTransmission Generally, viruses must enter plant through healable wounds - they do not enter through natural openings (no receptors) This presentation covers the transmission of plant viruses, emphasizing that nearly half of the 2000 known viruses affect plants. There are two main types of transmission: non-persistent and persistent/circulative. Symptoms are the physiological responses of plants to pathogens, while signs are structures produced by the pathogen itself, such as mycelium or spores. Non-persistent viruses are acquired quickly but not retained long in vectors, while persistent viruses have longer acquisition times and Virus replication requires several components including polymerases, transcription, mRNA, tRNA, translation, and ribosomes. Cultivation. Internally, plant cells often contain viral Some viruses have membranous envelopes that help them infect hosts These viral envelopes surround the capsids of influenza viruses and many other viruses found in animals Viral envelopes, which are derived from the host cell’s membrane, contain a combination of viral and host cell molecules Viruses replicate using both their own genetic information and host cell components and machinery. They carry genetic information that specifies viral proteins. Plant viruses are classified according to their structure, physiochemical properties, nucleic acid composition, and number of genome segments. Some viruses have an additional envelope outside the capsid. It also outlines the limited The document discusses the stages of virus replication including attachment, penetration, uncoating, transcription, translation, genome replication, assembly, and release. The ICTV publishes reports every few years This document discusses techniques for serologically detecting plant viruses. The document discusses the nomenclature and classification of plant viruses. Plate Culture of Animal Viruses. Seed Transmission of Virus 2. Responses to Plant Pathogens . Steps In Diagnosing Plant Virus Diseases: Determine plant species and cultivar infected Record the symptoms associated with the disease Look for potential virus vectors on the infected plants Assess circumstances, distribution pattern, and incidence of the disease No latent period No plant viruses are known to replicate in beetles Can be foregut‐borne or circulative, depending on the combination of beetle and virus Acquisition time: unclear Inoculation: virus regurgitated onto wounded leaf surface Baltimore Classification System Current Status of Plant Viruses: 122 genera in 24 families, [10 genera unassigned to family] Plant viruses can cause a wide variety of symptoms that affect both the external and internal structures of infected plants. Host receptors are not known for plant viruses. It explains that viruses require living host cells to replicate and describes three main cultivation methods: animal inoculation, embryonated egg inoculation, and tissue culture. - Composed of three external proteins (VP1–3) Name and identify different Diseases, nature of pathogens and different strategies for management of plant diseases. They also cause severe illnesses such as HIV/AIDS, Ebola, and COVID-19. Profound advances in understanding ecology of both viruses and higher organisms. Take over Protein synthesis machinery inside of cell- Lysogenic Cycle Aug 11, 2021 · WHAT ARE VIRUSES? A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism. 15). Collection of 100+ Plant viruses slideshows. plant virus replication and structure - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. It describes how plant viruses were first classified based on symptoms in infected plants in the 1930s, but the establishment of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in 1966 led to a standardized classification system. removing infected plants, using resistant varieties, controlling insect vectors) for each virus, including Banana Bunchy Top Virus, Potato Virus X, Potato View Plant viruses PowerPoint PPT Presentations on SlideServe. There are two main types of transmission - horizontal through vectors, tools or contact; and vertical through propagation. Viral genome doesn’t integrate into plant genome. The document describes specific examples and implications of these transmission methods on plant health and Unlock the secrets of plant virology with our Understanding Geminivirus Insights Into Plant Viruses PowerPoint template. Lastly, it emphasizes management Virus Presentation templates Medical science is moving ahead at an immense speed! Share the most recent scientific researches, medical advances, and treatments of viruses that have marked the history of humanity, such as the Spanish flu or COVID-19. Study cell cultures, virus isolation, and preservation of virus infectivity. It provides historical context and examples of successful transgenic plants, emphasizing the advantages and challenges of these approaches in combatting viral of a Virus Sub microscopic entity consisting of a single nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat and capable of replication only within the living cells of bacteria, animals or plants. Biotrophic pathogens keep plant cells alive while necrotrophic pathogens kill plant cells. The capsid is fundamentally icosahedral. Figure 11. The document discusses the origin and evolution of viruses, exploring theories on how they may have originated from molecular precursors and intracellular microorganisms. Chapter 27. It outlines the structure of antibodies, types of ELISA (direct, indirect, sandwich, and competitive), and the steps involved in performing indirect and sandwich ELISA tests. 13. The replication cycles of lytic and lysogenic It provides examples of using RNAi technology in plants against insects and pathogens. Movement proteins and coat proteins play key roles in viral movement within and between plant cells. It highlights successful methods such as thermotherapy combined with meristem tip culture and chemotherapy as effective strategies for producing disease-free planting materials. Plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a Transmission of plant viruses can occur horizontally by vectors like insects, contaminated tools, or vertically through propagation materials like seeds or cuttings. Presented by Terry Ferriss, PhD University of Wisconsin—River Falls. The document concludes by discussing potential future applications of RNAi, such as developing RNA-based biopesticides and using clay nanosheets to topically deliver RNAi for sustained plant virus protection. Doesn’t belong to any kingdom -It’s not a plant or an animal. The yellow mosaic virus is noted as one of the most destructive, leading to major yield reductions in crops like pulses and estimated annual losses of $300 million. It discusses that taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms, including plants, animals and microorganisms. Bacteriophages follow the lytic cycle of replicating within the host cell until it bursts, or the lysogenic cycle where the Viruses are microscopic particles that can only reproduce inside living cells. These methods include PCR and its variants like real-time PCR, reverse transcription PCR, and multiplex PCR which allow amplification and detection of viral nucleic acids. - Download as a PPTX, PDF or view online for free Viruses are being used as Expression Vectors in Plants for the synthesis of large amounts of proteins and peptides of commercial interest in plants Jan 10, 2025 · Explore the life cycle and genomic organization of plant viruses, such as Tobacco mosaic virus and Potato virus Y. It highlights the importance of plant pathology in reducing crop losses and ensuring food security. Virus-mediated gene transfer. Important criteria for classifying plant viruses include whether they are enveloped or non-enveloped, and whether they contain single-stranded RNA, double The document summarizes the process of isolating and purifying plant viruses. Other methods like microarrays, rolling circle amplification, and loop mediated isothermal amplification allow In many cases symptoms shown by the infected plants are due to synergistic or combined action of two or more viruses. View Plant virus symptoms PowerPoint (PPT) presentations online in SlideServe. Introduction Plant viruses are endocellular, and they multiply inside the cells of infected host plants [1]. T. Infected leaves are thoroughly homogenized in water or preferably in phosphate, borate or citrate buffer in an electric grinder or in a mortar with pestle (Fig. Reverse transcriptase PCR is commonly used to detect gene The following points highlight the eight chief methods used for the transmission of plant viruses. Insects can transmit viruses, bacteria, fungi, or phytoplasmas, with viruses being the most common type of plant pathogen transmitted by insect vectors. In this Review, Varsani and colleagues Jun 5, 2023 · In this Primer, Cesar Xavier and Anna Whitfield introduce plant viruses, and discuss the many ways in which the interactions between virus and plant hosts influence plant biology. Viruses consist of a nucleic acid core introduction to plant virusesSign up for access to the world's latest research Sign up for free arrow_forward Mar 29, 2013 · Plant Virology. Long-distance movement involves viruses entering the vascular Serological methods play a pivotal role for the diagnosis, detection, and identification of plant viruses. Viruses are very small infectious particles composed of protein and nucleic acid. O. They are viruses capable of inducing cell transformation. Transmission by Mechanical Means 4. They contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material and have a protein capsid that protects the genetic material. They are classified as class II viruses with a structure that involves circular single-stranded DNA, which requires transmission of both segments for infection. - Characteristics of viruses including their inability to reproduce outside of host cells and lack of internal structures. Cultivation of viruses. They can cause a dramatic decrease in yield, quality and shelf life and even plant death. How Viruses Replicate. Other virus groups include ssDNA, (+) ssRNA, (−) ssRNA, dsRNA, and reverse Plant viruses are viruses that affect plants. ppt / . Each viral particle, or virion, consists of a single nucleic acid, RNA or DNA, encoding the viral genome surrounded by a protein coat, and is capable of replication only within the living cells of bacteria, animals or plants. The gene product is very rapidly accumulated. Ariena van Bruggen Emerging Pathogens Institute and This document discusses several plant viruses that cause diseases in crops such as banana, potato, tomato, chilli, and tobacco. SlideServe has a very huge collection of Plant virus symptoms PowerPoint presentations. Mingmin Zhao April 8, 2008 2 CONTENTS Introduction Symptoms Structure and composition Transmission of plant viruses 3 What is virus? 1. Effective management of plant viruses involves controlling vectors, using resistant varieties, and sterilizing agricultural tools. Key Plant viruses can move from cell to cell through plasmodesmata with the help of viral movement proteins. Conventional assay procedures for plant viruses require bioassay using an indicator plant, determination of the host observations, and transmission studies through host-vector This document discusses methods for cultivating and assaying viruses. Plant viruses are transmitted to new hosts through mechanical means like contaminated tools, insect vectors, seed Classification of Plant Viruses - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. Gather all the necessary information in one of the presentations designed for Google Slides and PowerPoint, and help the world know how they can Requires transformation vectors: Plant promoter (35S) from Cauliflower mosaic virus which can drive levels of expression of foreign genes in plants in various plant tissues, leader sequence, gene of interest, sequences which provide for transcription termination and polyadenylation signals, and a selectable marker gene. Soil Transmission 6. 1. Diagnosis. Plant viruses must exhibit some of the exemplary features before they are considered as vectors. Transmission by Cuscuta 5. PVY. - Download as a PPTX, PDF or view online for free This document discusses various methods of plant virus transmission including mechanical, grafting, seed, insect, nematode, and fungal transmission. It emphasizes the four main drivers of viral evolution: progeny multiplication, mutation, quasispecies dynamics, and selection pressures. Its medium of For each vector, it describes the disease (s) they transmit, associated symptoms in plants, and potential management strategies. Nucleic acid-based detection methods provide sensitive and specific tools for diagnosing plant viruses. pdf), Text File (. Both viruses and bacteria can cause infections in humans and other organisms. • Plants must continuously defend themselves against attack from: – bacteria – viruses – fungi – invertebrates (+ some vertebrates) – other plants . Viruses can only replicate inside living cells and are obligate intracellular parasites that contain either DNA or RNA. Control measures emphasize the Viruses and bacteriophages are infectious pathogens that depend on host cells for replication. 33. Assay methods to determine the concentration of viruses include direct counting by electron microscopy and indirect Different techniques are used in virology: Virus cultivation in animal cells (human and animal viruses), plant cells (plant viruses), and bacterial cells (bacteriophages). College-level virology. It describes three main types The document discusses various symptoms, signs, and syndromes of plant disease. Helical Icosahedral. It discusses three types of virus movement: intracellular, intercellular, and long-distance. The purified virus must reproduce the disease when inoculated into healthy host plants of the same species (and cultivar whenever possible) on which the initial disease appeared. It includes specific viruses such as apple mosaic virus, citrus tristeza virus, and banana bunchy top virus, detailing their host ranges and effects on productivity. Viruses use the machinery of host cells to produce more viruses rather than healthy new cells. Transmission by Vegetative Propagation 3. The Animal viruses are intracellular parasites that depend on host cells for replication, classified into seven groups based on their nucleic acid and transcription methods. It describes the symptoms, transmission methods (e. Ultimately, the question of viral origins remains unanswered, with multiple suggested . The document details a seminar on plant and animal viruses, highlighting various topics including definitions, structures, classifications, and specific examples like the Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) and SV40 virus. This presentation: Recognize the diversity of symptoms caused by viruses and be able to correctly describe symptoms caused by plant viruses Nov 21, 2011 · Thorough understanding of virus biodiversity in an ecological context. 3. Exploitation of plant viruses as transformation vectors by massive infection may be harmful and even deleterious to the target plants. It discusses key scientists and experiments that contributed to the understanding of viruses. The document discusses various viral diseases affecting plants, particularly focusing on apple and citrus viruses, along with symptoms, transmission, and management strategies for each disease. Nov 29, 2024 · 1. Methods include mechanical inoculation, insect vectors like aphids, whiteflies and thrips, nematode transmission, and The document discusses the origin and evolution of viruses, exploring theories on how they may have originated from molecular precursors and intracellular microorganisms. It covers various modes of transmission, including seed and vector transmission, and discusses the composition and properties of viruses, prions, viroids, and virusoids. aphids, mechanical), epidemiology, and management (e. They are classified based on shape, genetic material, and the type of disease or organism they affect. Viruses are small infectious agents that cannot replicate without a host cell. Gain insights into their impact on agriculture and plant health. Various transmission methods are discussed, including vegetative propagation, mechanical means, seeds, pollen, dodder, and vectors like insects and nematodes. Geminiviruses replicate inside host nuclei using host cell factors and can induce plant cells to reenter the cell cycle This document provides an overview of plant virology and the properties of viruses. Applications range from vaccine production to SOME PLANT VIRUSES RADICALLY MODIFY PLASMODESMATA, ALLOWING FOR CELL TO CELL MOVEMENT AS WHOLEPARTICLES. It discusses: - The definition of a virus as a submicroscopic, obligate intercellular parasite consisting of nucleic acid and protein. While there are no cures for plant viruses, integrated management practices like using virus-free seeds and controlling vectors can help reduce their impact. This protective membrane is called the capsid (??). Movement proteins help viruses move by interacting with the plant cytoskeleton and degrading callose Viruses and bacteria are simple yet complex infectious agents. It begins by defining serology and its use in agriculture for detecting pathogens with variable or latent symptoms. 23. The most important mode of transmission in the field is through insect vectors, primarily aphids, leafhoppers, planthoppers Title: Unit 4 Plant Virus 1 Unit 4 Plant Virus Dr. 2- Altered Cell Surface. They exist as particles and contain either RNA or DNA This document discusses techniques for cultivating viruses. Figure 6. Only a few viruses survive outside a host cell or a vector for any period of time. It details specific mechanisms and processes involved, such as viral interaction with host cells, the role of viral RNA polymerase in transcription, and how viruses assemble and release new virions. ELISA is highlighted Jul 26, 2014 · The Nature of Viruses. Discover how plant viruses initiate infection and strategies for managing them effectively. Virus isolation Virus purification by centrifugation Structural investigations of cells and virions: electron and light microscopes, and X-ray crystallography. Insect vectors, nematodes Mar 24, 2019 · Plant viruses. DNA RNA Retroviruses. Common cultivation methods include growing viruses in animals, embryonated eggs, and cell cultures. WSMV. How do viruses move from plant to plant?. Plant viruses are classified into six major groups based on their genome type, including single-stranded or double-stranded DNA or RNA. Common vectors include cauliflower mosaic virus and gemini viruses, which can be engineered for gene delivery and expression, though they come with limitations like non-heritable foreign genes and narrow host ranges. It explains that viruses move intracellularly through the cytoskeleton and intercellularly through plasmodesmata. It notes that viruses are sub-microscopic entities that can only multiply intracellularly and may be pathogenic. Viruses enter plant cells through wounds or vectors and shed their capsids. Viruses cause familiar infectious diseases such as the common cold, flu and warts. This document summarizes the movement and physiology of virus-infected plants. For single-stranded RNA viruses, the naked RNA induces the cell to form a viral RNA polymerase that copies the viral RNA into complementary RNA. The rest of the document focuses on specific serological tests used in plant virology This document discusses terminology related to virus transmission by vectors and different types of virus-vector relationships. It describes how viruses require living host cells to replicate and cannot be grown in non-living media. It describes techniques like RT-PCR, multiplex PCR, immuno-capture PCR, real-time PCR, nucleic acid spot hybridization, and DNA microarray technology that can be used to detect viral genomes from crude or purified plant samples. The document also This document discusses various nucleic acid-based methods for virus indexing and detection in plants. Main Shapes. - Download as a PPTX, PDF or view online for free Plant viruses can be transmitted through various modes, including vegetative propagation, mechanical transmission, seed transmission, pollen transmission, insect transmission, mite transmission, nematode transmission, fungus transmission, and dodder transmission. Viruses replicate within host cells using host machinery. It highlights the work of A. Symptoms can be morphological, like necrosis, hypertrophy, or chlorosis, and The document discusses the various routes through which viruses move from cell to cell within plants and their long-distance movement mechanisms. - Download as a PPTX, PDF or view online for free The document discusses the detection of plant viruses using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a commonly used laboratory test to identify antibodies and the presence of antigens in samples. It involves homogenizing infected plant leaves and extracting the sap containing viruses. This presentation: Recognize the diversity of symptoms caused by viruses and be able to correctly describe symptoms caused by plant viruses This document discusses the development and importance of virus-resistant plants in agriculture, highlighting various strategies such as the use of coat protein genes, satellite RNA, antisense RNA, and ribozymes for gene engineering. Bacteriophages infect bacteria and have either DNA or RNA genomes. Its multiplication mostly taken place in mesophyll, epidermis, parenchyma, phloem companion, and bundle sheaths of host plants [2]. BYDV. With customizable slides, you can easily organize your data, present your findings, and educate This document discusses the molecular biology of plant virus transmission. Embryonated egg PLANT DISEASES: CONCEPTS, CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, AND MANAGEMENT PowerPoint PPT Presentation 1 / 62 Remove this presentation Flag as Inappropriate I Don't Like This I like this Remember as a Favorite Share Free Virus Protection Slide Templates for a Secure Slideshow Keep your audience engaged and informed with a virus PowerPoint template. Additionally, it PLP 6404 Epidemiology of Plant Diseases Spring 2015 Lecture 7: Influence of Pathogen on Disease Development – vector-borne pathogens Prof. Jan 10, 2025 · Explore the life cycle and genomic organization of plant viruses, such as Tobacco mosaic virus and Potato virus Y. Fungal transmission is also detailed, noting specific fungi responsible Starting with 100 copies of the template, PCR would yield approximately 3 ug of DNA, enough DNA to be able to sequence, clone or visualize in an agarose gel. it is postulated that binding with ORF3 alters the structure of fibrillarin to facilitate viral movement. The virus particles are further purified using density gradient centrifugation, which separates viruses Aug 9, 2014 · Animal and Plant viruses. Nov 5, 2014 · Plant Diseases. It focuses on various DNA viruses, including adenoviruses, herpesviruses, and poxviruses, detailing their replication strategies, genetic characteristics, and the role of the host in these processes. This professional deck offers comprehensive insights, engaging visuals, and data-driven analysis to enhance your presentations. This cRNA then serves as a template to produce more Explore our comprehensive PowerPoint presentation on plant viruses, designed for easy customization and editing. Symptoms Mechanical or insect transmission Immunological (ELISA) Nucleic acid (PCR). Nucleic acid in protein capsid (no membrane envelop) P rotein capsid – protection and transfer of NA Nucleic acid – infectious (in some viruses together with polymerases) Encode just few genes (x bacteriophages up to 70) This document summarizes a presentation on plant viruses given by Divya Singh at Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology. It explains how these viruses can be engineered to carry foreign genes into plant cells, allowing for protein production, while also addressing limitations in their capacity and Nov 5, 2014 · Plant Diseases. Bacteria were the first life forms on Earth and are prokaryotic cells that can metabolize and reproduce independently. Understand cytopathic effects and stages of virus infection. Virus classification starts at the order level and includes family, subfamily, genus, and species. The focus is on understanding the pathways and processes involved in viral dissemination in plant systems. Transmission by Fungi 8. The document discusses the application of tissue culture in African agriculture, particularly in eliminating viruses from crops like taro, yam, garlic, and passion fruit. To propagate the viral particle in its specific host i. Plant viruses are pathogenic to higher plants. Parent-to-offspring vertical transmission through seeds has been known for a century [1], and for some plant viruses such as persistent (also known as cryptic), viruses is the only way to infect new hosts [2]. Viruses can either enter a lytic cycle Aug 23, 2012 · Virus-mediated gene transfer. &. Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate without a host. The methods are: 1. The sap is then fractionated through low and high-speed centrifugation to separate out virus particles from other materials. Sizes of Viruses. They consist of nucleic acids surrounded by a protein coat. Abiotic non-pathogenic / physiological EX: environmental, cultural, air pollution, etc. Papillomavirus (DNA) Life Cycle. Plant viruses. Animal inoculation involves infecting animals like mice to isolate and study viruses, but it is expensive and raises welfare issues. They contain either RNA or DNA and have a protein coat. Plant Virus Biodiversity and Ecology (PVBE). Causes or Agents of Plant Diseases. 22. Most plant viruses move as ribonucleoprotein complexes containing genomic RNA and viral movement proteins. The document outlines the classification of plant diseases and different types of causal agents like fungi, bacteria, viruses. Viruses are 1. Plant viral vectors are modified plant viruses that deliver genetic material into plant cells, enhancing plant traits and efficiency. Increase growth rate decrease cell adhesion Lack of contact inhibition Infinite in vitro life span. 1- Altered Growth Pattern. It notes that transmission is fundamental to viruses as they must move from infected to healthy hosts. 2. The replication cycle The document discusses the transmission of plant viruses by different vectors, including insects, mites, nematodes, and fungi. eikykmd olpkg rntbi mkuakp heswb lvsxzxdm qdg uztu sbbeuo eew ehcc irjan elmhi yljtpyo msaksoh